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While I contemplate myself better informed than average on Central and South American politics, I didn’t know that noteworthy about the elections of the early 2000s in Bolivia. I have asserted that the leftward swing there of the last few years was because of the scheme we Yanks have treated those countries. So apt.
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But I realized while watching this gem that the sigh addressed by the film is as considerable about us as it is about those other countries!
As others have pointed out, Greenberg, Carville and Schrum, a illustrious Washington political consulting (classy plot of saying PR) firm was hired by Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada–aka Goni–to secure him elected president of Bolivia. He’d been brought up in the United States–suburban Washington, DC, while his father was exiled. He’d been president of Bolivia for a term in the 1990s, had, according to the film, state up some social programs, e.g., Social Security, and had provided some reforms to education. But he had also “capitalized.” That term wasn’t really defined until toward the demolish of the film when I possess the word venerable was “privatized.”
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Well, GCS did what such a consultant does here in the US: They had their pollsters following Bolivian trends, gave one-liners and effective rhetoric to Goni, plot up countless “focus groups,” instituted negative campaigning, e.g., made Goni’s opponents behold like budding fascists, or out of touch with reality–something that’s become commonplace here in the US. In short, they avoided facing any issues, those which produce democracy work–again, something of which many in the US know pathetically exiguous.
Indeed, Goni’s opponents were far more populist than Goni was. The people–you know, those pests who tend to procure on the nerves of our heroic political elites–were demanding constitutional change, even representation. Goni ignored those issues, while his consultants advised him to stick to his principals, what he believed was better for the company.
Well, to obtain a long tale short, after 14 months and lots of demonstrations, and deaths of demonstrators, Goni was forced to resign where he became a neighbor of mine here in the DC place. Probably the proverbial straw that broke the camel’s succor was his sale of the country’s natural gas reserves with no input from the people of his country. His VP tried to remove a more moderate advance, but was also forced to resign when he couldn’t earn a cheerful medium to meet the people’s nees and those of foreign investors. So eventually one of Goni’s opponents, whose name escapes me now, was elected as Bolivia’s first indigenous president.
The film focused on Goni’s not having a majority–he got about 22 percent of the vote while his opponents each got about 21 percent–as the source of the predicament. But I argue that the major spot rather was that the election relied in image and superficial message–the standard tactics of public relations–rather than political issues, again, that which makes democracy what it is! And that I blame on GCS! (Indeed, I had more respect for James Carville before seeing the film than I did after.) Carville and his associates spent the last 10 minutes of the film trying to rationalize the effort that Bolivia became, and the reinforces my idea that the grief was more their fault, based on the angles they took, than that of anything else.
And our “democracy” is obviously failing for the same reason: too many not voting on issues but on one liners, slogans, PR campaigns as worthy negative as determined. So while jobs are disappearing–as they had in Bolivia–people are talking about Rev. Wright, blissful marriage, and whatever devil terms can be created to distract us from what really happens.
Shame on those who’ve reduced campaigns to that level, whether hired by the GOP or Democrats. All your rationalizing isn’t going to beget your actions any more ethical.
This documentary traces the re-election campaign of Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada (Goni), which was largely bustle by paid, American political consultants. Their challenge: to win their candidate re-elected even though as president his highly unpopular free-market policies had done nothing to alleviate the obscene poverty and unemployment the country was facing, and even though he was perceived as an arrogant, elitist, fair-skinned, American-raised “gringo” who was out of touch with the awful, indigenous majority of Bolivia.
Despite all these obstacles, we gaze how the consultants were able to exercise polls, focus groups, negative attack campaigns and advertisements to successfully market their candidate (Noam Chomsky always talks about how political campaigns are like selling toothpaste; here we behold a perfect example) . They also benefited from a political system in which a candidate could procure with a plurality of the vote: the vote ended up being divided between three main candidates, allowing Goni to gather with only 22% of the common vote.
However, as Goni continued to implement unpopular policies even after the election, the Bolivian people took to the streets en masse to put a question to his ouster. Goni fled to the U.S., where he now resides, while his vice president took over until the next election in which the indigenous, left-wing candidate Evo Morales came to power with an overwhelming majority of the vote.
What I found most wonderful was how itsy-bitsy the paid, American political consultants knew about the policies that “their” candidate was implementing and how adversely they were affecting the people. Incandescent that he was the “free-market” candidate (a supporter of the so-called “Washington consensus”), was enough to convince them to work for his re-election; and these are the people who report the “left” in the U.S. (James Carville and the like) . It was also terrifying and disappointing to peek how easily people are manipulated (i.e., Goni is not faring well in the polls so the political consultants speed some ads discrediting his opponent and re-inventing Goni’s image; the next focus groups and polls point to that it has had the desired effect: people now like Goni better than his opponent) . People always say they know political ads are bogus, but yet they clearly work each and every time. One questions the viability of “steady democracy” when so many people are so easily manipulated.
Personally I would have liked to leer more information about the mass protests that ousted Goni and brought about the rise to power of Evo Morales. But, I advise that would really be another documentary. Quiet, this one is worth watching.
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